Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system. Distinguish between acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system. Distinguish between acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
But one thing has not changed in pancreatitis: the old way of life and nutrition will remain in the past, because the basis of the treatment of pancreatitis is a diet almost for life. The pancreas does not forgive errors in nutrition, responding immediately with pain and indigestion.
Pancreatitis Basics
Pancreatitis is an acquired disease, it develops as a result of abdominal trauma, viral damage to the pancreas, due to the alteration of the liver and gallbladder, after intoxication by alcohol and other toxic substances, with frequent nutritional disordersand serious: prolonged fasting, sitting on diets to lose weight.
The main signs of pancreatitis are:
- abdominal pain - sharp, like a dagger, almost to the point of passing out in acute pancreatitis, or dull or achy in the chronic version;
- nausea and vomiting;
- stool disorders, most often severe diarrhea, fever;
- drastic weight loss.
Acute pancreatitis is usually admitted to the hospital. Chronic exacerbations can be treated at home, but only under the supervision of a doctor. Self-medication in the case of pancreatitis is dangerous with the development of complications up to pancreatic necrosis (enzymatic fusion of the gland tissue, self-digestion of the gland) and the development of peritonitis, which is fatal.
Nutritional therapy for pancreatitis
Medicinal, enzymatic, and dietary therapy for pancreatitis is selected by the physician, based on the patient's condition and test data. However, the general principles of dietary correction are always approximately the same. They give rest to digestion and the pancreas, which means that they reduce pain and normalize well-being.
Nutrition in pancreatitis is very limited; most of the usual products should be forgotten.It is necessary to eat frequently, about 5-6 times a day, every 2, 5-3 hours, with a rest of 8 hours of sleep. But the servings by volume should be small, around 200-250 g, especially in the first time after exacerbation of the disease.
All dishes are processed mechanically; almost all are used in puree form. Then, as the inflammation subsides, larger particles appear in the food, but the food needs to be chewed well.
Since the whole body suffers from an insufficient supply of nutrients in pancreatitis, you need to increase the protein component of the diet (meat, fish, dairy products), on average, up to 140-150 g of protein per day.
But fats and carbohydrates, which put strong pressure on the pancreas, are limited to the minimum possible. About 300 g of carbohydrates are given per day, fat - no more than 70-80 g.
Products that have a sokogonny effect (meat and fish broths, cabbage juice and broth) are removed from the diet; during a severe painful attack, therapeutic fasting is recommended for a period of 1-2 days under the supervision of a physician.
In case of pancreatitis, it is necessary to drink more fluids -it is recommended to drink up to 2 liters of pure water a day, approximately every half hour to take 2-3 sips of water throughout the day.
Naturally, with pancreatitis, you need to completely stop smoking and drinking alcohol. They are the most powerful seizure triggers.
What to exclude?
The list of forbidden foods will be quite impressive and can be daunting at first. However, without observing these restrictions, relief can be expected for a long time. Gradually, you can carefully expand your diet, adhering to the general principles of good nutrition.
So, during the entire acute period or the moment of exacerbation of the chronic process, it is necessary to exclude:
- beet soup, cabbage and borscht soup, okroshka, meat-based soups, mushroom and fish broths, broths themselves;
- fatty meat: pork, lamb, goose and duck;
- offal: kidneys, heart, brain, liver;
- fried, smoked, salty and spicy dishes;
- canned food;
- sausages;
- fatty fish (catfish, star sturgeon, carp); caviar;
- lard, margarine, mayonnaise;
- fatty dairy dishes: cream, sour cream, koumiss;
- yolks, hard-boiled eggs;
- millet, corn, barley, bean garnishes;
- cabbage, turnips, radishes, radishes, rutabagas, eggplants, onions and garlic, sorrel, cucumbers, tomatoes and bell peppers;
- citrus, apples (sour varieties), grapes, pomegranates, blueberries;
- chocolate, preserves;
- spicy chips, sauces, marinades, vinegar, tomato sauce;
- all carbonated drinks, including mineral water (can only be consumed without gas);
- strong tea and coffee, juices, cocoa;
- all fresh baked goods and cakes, pancakes, pies, shortbreads.
As you can see, the constraint list is quite large, but this is only for the duration of the sharp process. Then gradually you can gradually expand the diet, but annoying and "heavy" dishes will have to be forgotten almost forever.
What can you eat?
This is the first question that comes up after reading the ban list. Of course, the diet is not very diverse, but it is aimed at keeping the pancreas calm and reducing inflammation.
Allowed:
- yesterday's dry bread, croutons;
- vegetables, noodle soups;
- steamed meat and poultry dishes: cutlets, meatballs, rolls, patés, meat puree;
- boiled fish fillet (lean), baked fish, tortillas
- milk, cottage cheese, low-fat and soft cheese, kefir;
- vegetable and butter oils (in mush);
- vegetable purees and stews, boiled vegetables;
- pasta, noodles, cereal: oatmeal, semolina, buckwheat, rice;
- unsweetened baked fruits (pears, apples, peaches, plums);
- compote, jelly, jelly;
- rosehip decoctions, herbal teas, bran drink.
Of course, the diet is limited, but in consultation with your doctor, you will gradually expand your menu.
Sample Menu
It is worth remembering that this menu can be used at home, when the exacerbation subsides, in the acute stage of pancreatitis, fasting and gradual introduction of food are prescribed. When making a diet, remember: there should be at least five meals, which are roughly equal in caloric content and load on digestion.
Menu for pancreatitis for 5 days
Day one
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 white bread croutons, 200 ml of mineral water (without gas! ).
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelette - 100 g, dry white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, zucchini puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, rosehip broth - 200 ml, a third of a banana.
- Snack: fruit jam - 100 g, fat-free cottage cheese -100 g, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal -200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatball - 2 pieces, mild tea with milk, a slice of black bread.
Day two
- Breakfast: buckwheat porridge -200 g, 2 white bread croutons, 200 ml of tea with milk.
- Second breakfast: steamed veal cutlet - 100 g, carrot souffle - 200 g, dry white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of dried fruit compote.
- Lunch: noodle soup - 200 ml, boiled chicken - 100 g, vegetable puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, mineral water - 200 ml, half a baked pear.
- Snack: apple puree - 200 g, still mineral water - 200 ml, Maria cookies - 100 g.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes -200 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, a sandwich with cheese (30 g of cheese, a piece of toast), soft tea with milk, a slice of black bread.
Day three
- Breakfast: pumpkin and pumpkin puree - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (without gas! ).
- Second breakfast: low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, baked half a pear, dry white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of compote.
- Lunch: broccoli soup - 200 ml, boiled meat, ground into mashed potatoes - 100 g, mashed potatoes - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, chamomile tea - 200 ml.
- Snack: vegetable stew - 200 g, cheese - 50 g, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge -200 g, kefir - 200 g, half a banana, a slice of white bread.
Day four
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 white bread croutons, 200 ml of mineral water (without gas! ).
- Second breakfast: rice porridge - 200 g, dry white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, carrot puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, rosehip broth - 200 ml, a third of a banana.
- Snack: omelette - 100 g, baked sweet apple, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal -200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatball - 2 pieces, mild tea with milk, a slice of black bread.
Day five
- Breakfast: oatmeal -200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatball - 2 pieces, mild tea with milk, a slice of black bread.
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelette - 100 g, dry white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: pasta soup - 200 ml, steamed fish cutlet - 100 g, pumpkin puree with carrots - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rosehip broth - 200 ml, Maria biscuits - 2 pieces.
- Snack: baked fruit - 100 g, fat-free cottage cheese -100 g, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 white bread croutons, 200 ml of mineral water (still! ).
By following your doctor's advice, strict adherence to your diet, and following all prescriptions, relief can be achieved quickly. But a fairly strict diet with restriction of "heavy" foods will last 3-6 months. And then you will need to constantly limit fatty, fried, spicy and canned foods.